Paisley asked . 2021-06-10

Fourier series of any function

Hello, I'm trying to build a simple script that finds the geometric fourier series of agiven function and a given period, everything seems to be good, but the plot is taking the absolute value, what do you think is the mistake?

f= input('ingrese la funcion, usando: @(t)LA_FUNCION: ');      %ingresa la funcion como parametro
T= input('ingrese el periodo T: ');                            %ingresa el periodo como parametro
N= input('ingrese el numero de iteraciones N: ');               %ingresa N como parametro

w0 = 2*pi/T;
suma=@(t) integral(f,-T/2,T/2)/2;                           

for k=1:N
  fun_a=@(t) f(t).*cos(k*w0*t); 
  fun_b=@(t) f(t).*sin(k*w0*t);
  a_k=2/T*integral(fun_a,-T/2,T/2);                             % calculo del coeficiente a
  b_k=2/T*integral(fun_b,-T/2,T/2);                             %calculo del coeficiente b
  suma= @(t) suma(t) +a_k*fun_a(t) + b_k*fun_b(t);              %sumatoria de la serie de Fourier
end
t= -T/2:0.01:T/2; 
x_t=f(t);
x_Nt=suma(t);
plot(t,x_t,t,x_Nt)

I tried several tests with square(t) and sawtooth(t) , wich period is 2*pi, but this is what I get: using n=1 and n=10

the Script somehow is doing the right thing, what do you think is wrong?,

matlab , signal , signal processing , deep learning

Expert Answer

John Michell answered . 2024-12-21 16:14:14

the problem is that you are supposed to approximate the function with a sum of sines and cosines with certain amplitudes. Your summation is not of sines and cosines, but rather in the case of cos,

b_k* f(t)*cos(k*w0*t)

and similarly for sine. So there is an extra factor of f(t). The following code removes that and gives a correct result..

Your method of summing the series is a bit unconventional but interesting, and it seems to work all right. But the computation time doesn't scale very well with the number of terms N. The time is increasing at something like N^2, so if you had, say, 2000 terms it will take awhile.

T = 10;
f = @(t) 6*(heaviside(t)-1/2);  % for example
w0 = 2*pi/T;
N = 10;
suma=@(t) integral(f,-T/2,T/2)/2                           
for k=1:N
  fun_a=@(t) f(t).*cos(k*w0*t); 
  fun_b=@(t) f(t).*sin(k*w0*t);
  a_k=2/T*integral(fun_a,-T/2,T/2);                             % calculo del coeficiente a
  b_k=2/T*integral(fun_b,-T/2,T/2);                             %calculo del coeficiente b
       % suma= @(t) suma(t) +a_k*fun_a(t) + b_k*fun_b(t);       %sumatoria de la serie de Fourier
  suma= @(t) suma(t) +a_k*cos(k*w0*t) + b_k*sin(k*w0*t);        %sumatoria de la serie de Fourier
end
t= -T/2:0.01:T/2; 
x_t=f(t);
x_Nt=suma(t);
figure(1)
plot(t,x_t,t,x_Nt)

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